Primary Sources

Government Documents

Banco de México. Informe Anual 1956. Mexico City: Banco de México, 1957.

California Department of Industrial Relations. "Health Services Reports, Imperial County Bracero Medical Program." 1957-1958. California State Archives, Sacramento.

"Complaint Filed Against DiGiorgio Fruit Corporation." Memorandum from Mexican Consulate to U.S. Department of Labor, July 17, 1959. RG 174, National Archives and Records Administration.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). VII Censo General de Población, 1950 and VIII Censo General de Población, 1960. Mexico City: INEGI.

"Instrucciones para los inspectores de migración en la frontera norte." Dirección General de Migraciones, July 3, 1956. Archivo General de la Nación, Ramo Gobernación, 2.360(72)/32.

"Memorándum confidencial sobre la migración de trabajadores mexicanos." Secretaría de Gobernación, March 15, 1954. Archivo General de la Nación, Ramo Presidentes, Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, 546.6/120.

Nacional Financiera. Statistics on the Mexican Economy. Mexico City: Nacional Financiera, 1966.

Secretaría de Agricultura y Ganadería. Estadísticas Agrícolas del Estado de Jalisco, 1945-1960. Mexico City: SAG, 1961.

Secretaría de Educación Pública. Estadísticas Educativas del Estado de Jalisco, 1940-1960. Mexico City: SEP, 1961.

Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Memoria de la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores, Septiembre 1943-Agosto 1944. Mexico City: SRE, 1944.

U.S. Congress, House Committee on Agriculture. "Extension of the Mexican Farm Labor Program." Hearings on H.R. 3480, 82nd Congress, 1st Session, March 1951.

U.S. Congress. "Farm Labor Program." Public Law 78, 82nd Congress, 1st Session, July 12, 1951.

U.S. Department of Agriculture. "Report on Agricultural Labor Requirements." Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Quarterly Labor Report (March 1942).

U.S. Department of Labor. "Annual Report on Mexican Labor Program." 1959. RG 174, National Archives and Records Administration.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security. "Inspection Reports on Housing and Working Conditions, Mexican Agricultural Workers." File 56-34-111, RG 174, National Archives and Records Administration.

U.S. Department of Labor. "Operational Reports: El Centro Reception Center." 1956-1957. RG 174, National Archives and Records Administration.

Newspapers and Periodicals

El Universal (Mexico City), 1942-1964.

Los Angeles Times, 1942-1964.

Oral Histories

Arroyo, Miguel. Oral History Interview. Bracero History Archive, 2006.

García, José. Oral History Interview. 2003.

Huerta, Dolores. Oral History Interview. Bracero History Archive, 2006.

Pérez, Aurelio. Oral History Interview. Bracero History Archive, 2006.

Ramírez, Joaquín. Oral History Interview. Bracero History Archive, 2004.

Ramos, María. Oral History Interview. 2008.

Rodriguez, Carmelita. Oral History Interview. Smithsonian Institution, 2008.

Sandoval, Manuel. Oral History Interview. Bracero History Archive, 2005.

Treaties and Agreements

"Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico respecting the temporary migration of Mexican agricultural workers." Executive Agreement Series 278, August 4, 1942. U.S. Department of State.

Secondary Sources

Books

Anderson, Henry P. The Bracero Program in California. Berkeley: School of Public Health, University of California, 1961.

Calavita, Kitty. Inside the State: The Bracero Program, Immigration, and the I.N.S. New York: Routledge, 1992.

Chew Sánchez, Martha I. Corridos in Migrant Memory. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006.

Cohen, Deborah. Braceros: Migrant Citizens and Transnational Subjects in the Postwar United States and Mexico. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011.

Craig, Richard B. The Bracero Program: Interest Groups and Foreign Policy. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1971.

Driscoll, Barbara. The Tracks North: The Railroad Bracero Program of World War II. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999.

Galarza, Ernesto. Merchants of Labor: The Mexican Bracero Story. Charlotte, NC: McNally & Loftin, 1964.

Galarza, Ernesto. Spiders in the House and Workers in the Field. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1970.

García, Juan Ramón. Operation Wetback: The Mass Deportation of Mexican Undocumented Workers in 1954. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980.

Martin, Philip. Promise Unfulfilled: Unions, Immigration and the Farm Workers. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003.

Minian, Ana Raquel. Undocumented Lives: The Untold Story of Mexican Migration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2018.

Ngai, Mae M. Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.

Niblo, Stephen R. Mexico in the 1940s: Modernity, Politics, and Corruption. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1999.

Rasmussen, Wayne D. A History of the Emergency Farm Labor Supply Program, 1943-1947. Agricultural Monograph No. 13. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1951.

Reynolds, Clark W. The Mexican Economy: Twentieth-Century Structure and Growth. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970.

Santa Ana, Otto. Brown Tide Rising: Metaphors of Latinos in Contemporary American Public Discourse. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002.

Smith, Robert C. Mexican New York: Transnational Lives of New Immigrants. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.

Smithsonian Institution. Bittersweet Harvest: The Bracero Program 1942-1964. Exhibition Catalog. Washington, DC: National Museum of American History, 2009.

Vélez-Ibáñez, Carlos G. Border Visions: Mexican Cultures of the Southwest United States. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1996.

Book Chapters

García-y-Griego, Manuel. "The Importation of Mexican Contract Laborers to the United States, 1942-1964." In Between Two Worlds: Mexican Immigrants in the United States, edited by David G. Gutiérrez, 45-85. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1996.

Pitti, Stephen. "The Bracero Program in American Political Culture, 1942-2007." In The Bracero Program in American History and Memory, edited by Mireya Loza, 187-216. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016.

Journal Articles

Cano, Gustavo, and Alexandra Délano. "The Mexican Government and Organised Mexican Immigrants in The United States: A Historical Analysis of Political Transnationalism (1848–2005)." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33, no. 5 (2007): 695-725.

Durand, Jorge. "The Bracero Program (1942-1964): A Critical Appraisal." Migración y Desarrollo 9, no. 2 (2007): 25-40.

Durand, Jorge, Douglas S. Massey, and Emilio A. Parrado. "The New Era of Mexican Migration to the United States." The Journal of American History 86, no. 2 (1999): 518-536.

Espinosa, María Cristina. "Women's Movement and Gender Roles in Rural Mexico: A Case Study." Journal of Rural Studies 17, no. 2 (2001): 175-192.

Kandel, William, and Douglas S. Massey. "The Culture of Mexican Migration: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis." Social Forces 80, no. 3 (2002): 981-1004.

Levitt, Peggy. "Social Remittances: Migration Driven Local-Level Forms of Cultural Diffusion." International Migration Review 32, no. 4 (1998): 926-948.

Mines, Richard, and Ricardo de Janvry. "Migration to the United States and Mexican Rural Development: A Case Study." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 64, no. 3 (1982): 444-454.

Rosas, Ana Elizabeth. "Breaking the Silence: Mexican Children and Women's Confrontation of Bracero Family Separation, 1942-64." Gender & History 23, no. 2 (2011): 382-400.

Scruggs, Otey M. "Texas and the Bracero Program, 1942-1947." Pacific Historical Review 32, no. 3 (1963): 251-264.

Taylor, Paul S. "Mexican Migration and the 170 Day Law." Industrial Relations 1, no. 3 (1962): 49-69.

Taylor, Paul S., and Jorge Durán. "The Transformation of Cherán: A Michoacán Village in the Bracero Era." Rural Sociology 25, no. 2 (1960): 189-210.

Dissertations and Theses

Loza, Mireya. "Braceros on the Boundaries: Activism, Race, Masculinity, and the Legacies of the Bracero Program." PhD dissertation, Brown University, 2011.